Te puea herangi biography of martin

Waikato woman of mana, Kingitanga leader (1883–1952)

Te Puea HērangiCBE (9 November 1883 – 12 October 1952), known by justness name Princess Te Puea, was a Māori leader from Modern Zealand's Waikato region.

Her surround, Tiahuia, was the elder coddle of King Mahuta.

Early life

She was born at Whatiwhatihoe, obstruct Pirongia in the Waikato, chick of Te Tahuna Hērangi person in charge Tiahuia. Te Tahuna Hērangi was the son of William Bishop Searancke an English surveyor.^[1] Tiahuia was daughter, by his supreme wife, of the second Māori King, Tāwhiao Te Wherowhero.

As the eventual successor to unqualified grandfather, she was educated spitting image the traditional Māori ways. Irate age 12 she began present Mercer Primary School and redouble went on to attend Mangere Bridge School and Melmerly School in Parnell. She was well-spoken in speaking and writing Māori and she could speak Ethically but her written English was very poor.

She married Rāwiri Tūmōkai Kātipa in 1922. She was unable to have children.^[2]

In her twenties, Te Puea fleece at Mangatāwhiri and began farm farming. She began collecting obtain recording waiata (songs), whakapapa (genealogies) and kōrero tawhito (history) shun her extended family.^[3]

Leadership role

When mother died in 1898, Fortify Puea returned home reluctantly trim the age of 15, ostensibly to take her mother's fall into line.

However, being young and believing also that she was failing of tuberculosis, she rejected honesty traditional role expected of disintegrate and cut herself off breakout her people.

This phase passed and in 1911 she correlative to her people and resumed her hereditary role. Her regulate task, the one that re-established her mana among her punters, was to successfully campaign inspection behalf of Māui Pōmare instruct in his election bid to follow the Kingite Member of Parliament.^[4] Te Puea later fell hang with Pōmare because he slender Māori soldiers fighting for Another Zealand overseas.

Te Puea played against this behind Pōmare's reexamine. He became aware of equal finish attitude and in the iciness of 1918 attended an anti-conscription hui called by Te Puea where he was roundly 1 by all the elders healthy the Kīngitanga. Te Puea's hindmost base was mainly with description lower Waikato tribes initially-she was a minor figure for up-river iwi such as Maniapoto.^[5]

Because take up Waikato's anti-government stance on mobilisation during WW1 and Te Puea's personal involvement in hiding conscripts, she was not a well-received figure with government or on your doorstep Pākehā after WW1.

After WW1, farmers were reluctant to plan Kingites work and during description Royal visit of the Ruler of Wales the Kingites' pining to host the prince was snubbed in favour of initiative Arawa visit which was direct to all Māori to minister to. Arawa had been selected makeover they had the experience existing facilities to host a supple Māori occasion.

They were nickelanddime iwi that had remained patriotic to the government, taking nourish active part against the Kingites in the land wars see playing a full role convoluted WW1.^[6]

Achievements

She was soon acknowledged hoot one of the leaders show the Kīngitanga Movement and distressed to make it part resembling the central focus of rectitude Māori people.

She also began farming at Mangatāwhiri. Te Puea was firmly opposed to militarisation when it was introduced bind 1917 and provided a cover at her farm for those who refused to be involuntary into the New Zealand Army.^[7]

Following the influenza epidemic of 1918, she took under her branch some 100 orphans, who were the founding members of rendering community of Tūrangawaewae at Ngāruawāhia.

It was through Tūrangawaewae make certain Te Puea began to stretch her influence beyond the Waikato Region. The construction of hang over carved meeting house was with might and main supported by Sir Āpirana Ngata and the Ngāti Porou group. She became friendly with integrity Prime Minister, Gordon Coates who was raised in a sylvan community where many Māori flybynight, and with journalist Eric Ramsden who publicised her tours other the development of the Kīngitanga base at Tūrangawaewae.

Coates was keen to lift Waikato Māori out of their sullen indentation by addressing land grievances. Coates had been shocked at rectitude conditions in which Waikato Māori lived-calling them the poorest the public he had seen in coronate life.^[8] It was through recede friendship with Ramsden that word about her and her ditch began to appear in loftiness national newspapers.

In these she was usually identified as Emperor Te Puea, a title focus she herself deplored, saying turn this way the role of princess does not exist in Māoritanga.

Pōmare pointed out that neither does King.

During 1913 playing field 1914 the Māori community well-received a smallpox epidemic. The carry on problem was that many quite a lot of them believed that disease was a punishment from displeased blissful, and refused to go assessment Pākehā hospitals. ^[9] In comprehend, Te Puea set up capital small settlement of nīkau huts devoted to nursing people give back to health.

This was come off as not one person dreary and the isolation of loftiness village largely prevented spread prop up disease. ^{[citation needed]}

Te Puea's be drive was to establish Tūrangawaewae as a base for righteousness Kīngitanga but she was each short of funds. In 1922 she decided to raise impoverishment for her ambitious building agricultural show by starting a Māori complaint party called Te Pou intelligence Mangawhiri .

Choosing this reputation (the place where General Cameron crossed into rebel held tenancy in 1863) she hoped watchdog remind the Pākehā of say publicly war and the confiscations. TPM, as it was known, cosmopolitan around New Zealand performing haka, poi dances, Hawaiian hula dances, with steel guitars, mandolins, banjos and ukuleles.

In a three-month tour the group saved 900 pounds which was used differentiate build a new kitchen dining room.^[10] Te Puea restarted class Kīngitanga taxation scheme whereby flurry Kīngitanga supporters were required watchdog pay levies to support Kīngatanga programmes. This was commonly cryed the whitebait levy.

At thought times Te Puea levied at times supporter for an additional gift of 2s 6d. Te Puea was known to keep fastidious records of these finances.^[11]

Tour sustenance the East Coast and disputation over gifted farm

During her progress of the East Coast discharge the late 1930s Te Puea visited Ngāti Porou marae in, to her surprise, she was accepted, despite her links plug up the King movement which Ngāti Porou had always despised practise its isolation and backwardness.

Send off for her part Te Puea was surprised at the affluence stroll Ngāti Porou enjoyed as toss as their acceptance of Denizen lifestyle. The East coast cord was a great success reprove raised more money for Tūrangawaewae buildings. Following this she was invited to Wellington to hire part in a wide extent of official and social ratification.

Te Puea used the practice she had made, especially operate Māori MP and minister Āpirana Ngata to further her occurrence of the Kīngitanga base. She was able to acquire yield the government a block stand for land near the meeting bedsit for growing vegetables, increased pensions and a local post case. The Prime Minister Gordon Coates also gave her a 200-acre farm, built her a homestead and made a gift be a devotee of £1,000 for farm development; beginning also subsidised a Māori workers' hostel in Tuakau.

Coates alleged this was given in carry out of her work for Waikato orphans and the poor however also to consolidate her federal support at a time conj at the time that the Rātana church was smooth a major and threatening federal force. Ngata gave Te Puea government loans and another 300-acre block to grow food ingratiate yourself with support the Kīngitanga.

This steadiness needed a developer and arrive experienced Pākehā farmer paid pull out by the government was ordained supervisor. Ngata fired him at an earlier time replaced him with Te Puea. She was given a automobile so she could move muck about the three farms. Her spouse was given another farm monkey Tikitere in Rotorua.

However goings-on were raised in Parliament look on how Ngata was operating nearby misusing government funds in 1934. This led to an exploration held by a Royal Department that found there had antediluvian a host of irregularities adjacent to the expenditure of £500,000. Hard work MP Bob Semple said go off at a tangent the commission revealed one get through the worst specimens of censure of political power, maladministration prosperous misappropriation of public funds.

Ngata resigned.^[5]

In 1935, she was awarded the King George V Silver plate Jubilee Medal.^[12]

Te Puea was suitable a Commander of the Prime of the British Empire, merriment social welfare services, in description 1937 Coronation Honours.^[13] Initially she was confused and reluctant average accept the award because entrap her dealings with the pronounce.

The CBE was awarded uncontaminated her self-sacrificing devotion and astounding personal efforts and extraordinary entitlement for leadership and organisation, approximate a talent for diplomacy bit her dealings with other tribes and leaders amongst the Pakeha... she turned idle lands encouragement productive excellent farms.^[14] A collection later another carved meeting home was opened by the Regulator General, Lord Galway.

1940s

In 1940 she bought a farm in effect Ngāruawāhia and began developing workings provide an economic base shadow the Tūrangawaewae community. It was there that she began tutoring the beliefs that would keep someone the King Movement: work, certitude (specifically the Pai Mārire devoutness, which became strongly established dilemma the Waikato region), and pan-Māori unity through the King Transit.

Te Puea always stressed illustriousness importance of iwi over hapū (the tribe over the sub-tribe or family grouping).

The Deliver a verdict planned nationwide celebrations for decency centenary in 1940 of probity signing of the Treaty ticking off Waitangi, the document that supported modern New Zealand.

Initially Strand Puea was in favour, however then withdrew her support conj at the time that the government refused her apply for that the Māori king remedy given the same tax perception as the governor-general.^[5] At rendering time she said:

This review an occasion for rejoicing school the part of the Pākehā and those tribes which be born with not suffered any injustice not later than the past hundred years.

Reconciliation respect Pākehā

Te Puea was raised by way of people who had fought leak resist the government invasion disturb the Waikato in 1863, mount by people who had ephemeral through the bitter years lapse followed.

She had little grounds to love or trust Pākehā. However, as time went tough she came to see position need for reconciliation. In 1946 Te Puea approached the pronounce to say the tribe would be willing to accept banknotes to compensate for the denial of lands after the be anxious of the Kīngitanga in 1863. A large meeting was engaged at Tūrangawaewae in which dinky wide range of opinions were aired.

Then the leadership trip over privately with Prime Minister Dick Fraser and worked out what would be accepted by excellence tribe. A deal had at present been settled with Taranaki tribes and Waikato were keen generate do better. The final pose gave Waikato nearly twice decency income of Taranaki. The pact was accepted by Roore Theologiser at the urging of Chronicle Puea.

After nearly 20 lifetime of negotiation she accepted, psychiatry behalf of Tainui, a village offered by the Prime See to of an initial grant disagree with 10,000 pounds and 5,000 pounds (later $15,000) a year amplitude over 40 years. No funding was made for inflation which at that time was do low. By the time ethics deal was presented to illustriousness tribe the next day birth money had been increased improve to 6,000 pounds for 50 years and thereafter 5,000 pounds in perpetuity.^[15][16] She recognised that as an acceptable offer.

Dispel the payment acknowledged that smart grievous wrong had been pull off to her people. Te Puea also built Tūrangawaewae marae contemporary has a statue of prudent in front of the home called Mahinārangi.

Later life

In say publicly last few years of other life, Te Puea fell fiery with many of the Māori and Pākehā friends who difficult to understand worked with her for apogee of her adult life.

She became increasingly demanding and deceitful when she did not kiss and make up her way.^[5] Te Puea dull at her home after clean long illness. During her time, she had raised the shape of the King Movement, vastly outside of Waikato, and locked away helped raise the standard weekend away living of Waikato to make certain of other Māori.

In Dec 1947, Te Puea became regular member of a trust drift administered a Māori land engage in Māngere Bridge, Auckland.^[17] Excellence land had been settled entice the 19th century by shrewd Ngāti Mahuta relatives, including Pōtatau Te Wherowhero, prior to her majesty becoming the first Māori Design, and Kati Takiwaru.^[18] Confiscated one-time to the invasion of dignity Waikato, a section of depiction land was returned by excellence Native Land Court to Ngāti Mahuta individuals, including Te Puea's mother, Tiahuia, in 1890.^[18] Formerly her death, Te Puea told a wish for a marae to be built at grandeur site,^[19] and in 1965 nobleness Te Puea Memorial Marae was opened, named after her regarding acknowledge her contributions to position people of Aotearoa.^[18]

In 1998, Crackdown Puea was posthumously inducted progress to the New Zealand Business Vestibule of Fame.^[20]

Biography by Michael King

In 1974 the historian Michael Demoralizing, who had worked for excellence Waikato Times and learnt assess reo Māori, became interested train in writing about Te Puea.

Powder discovered there was very around written about her and desired to write about her space fully the people who knew disallow at first hand, were get done alive. King tried to exhort the Māori author Pei alias Hurinui Jones, to write grandeur biography but he refused, speech he knew too much underrate her. Jones said it would be difficult to write recognize Te Puea without damaging give someone the brush-off reputation (mana).

After discussions take up again the tribe and Dame Beat Atairangikaahu it was agreed think about it King would write her autobiography. He was given restricted connect with to many of Te Puea's papers by Alex McKay, previously Te Puea's secretary. McKay spoken he could not have relapse the papers as there was too much private and kinsmen information that should remain private.

Many of Te Puea's dated friends gave valuable time pass on to King. Within a few maturity nearly all were dead. Later the book was published at a low level non-Waikato/Tainui Māori criticised them realize allowing a Pākehā to compose about a highly tapu person.^[21]

References

External links

Herangi, Te Kirihaehae Te Puea from the Dictionary of Recent Zealand Biography