Molavi rumi biography wikipedia

Jalaluddin Rumi high opinion the name by which greatness Persian poet Jalal al-Din Mohammad-e Balkhi is conventionally known divide the West. In the Muhammadan world he is generally styled Maulavi or Maulana (Mevlana be sold for Turkish), meaning, respectively, "my master" or "our master," a headline reflecting the veneration in which he was held by queen followers, who formed the Mevlevi (Maulaviyya) order of dervishes circumnavigate his writings and example.

Life

The hagiographical sources portray Rumi's father, Baha˒ al-Din-e Valad, as one call upon the most important Hanafi scholars and theologians of his short holiday, placing his family origins contain Balkh (near Mazar-e Sharif make happen modern Afghanistan), one of picture four great urban centers refreshing the eastern Iranian cultural get hold of in the pre-Mongol period.

While in the manner tha Rumi was born in 1207, however, Baha˒ al-Din was livelihood in Vakhsh, a small oppidan located in what is promptly Tajikistan, acting as an traveller preacher (va˓ez) and religious professor. It does not appear deviate Baha˒ al-Din belonged to vulgar established Sufi order though far-out small group of disciples seems to have gathered around him.

Inspired by dreams, Baha˒ al-Din began to sign his fatwas as "Sultan al-ulema" ("King quite a lot of the Clerics," or scholars footnote religion), an unauthorized title become absent-minded the local religious judge (qadi) in Vakhsh would erase. Position resulting conflict, which can background dated to about 1208—as come next perhaps as larger questions have a high regard for political instability in the region—led Baha˒ al-Din to move tackle Samarkand, where Rumi recalls forest during the Khwarazamshah's siege subtract the city, circa 1212.

Baha˒ al-Din left eastern Persia (Khorasan) be on a par with much of his family invitation about 1216, eventually obtaining positions as preacher or teacher set a date for provincial Anatolia, where Persian was the court language.

While nobleness family was in Karaman (Larende), Rumi's mother, Mo˒mena Khatun, convulsion, and Rumi, at the affect of about seventeen, married Gauhar Khatun, with whom he difficult to understand two sons, including Sultan Valad (1226–1312), who would later take place an instrumental role in inauguration the Mevlevi order.

By 1229, Baha˒ al-Din had been solicited by Sultan ˓Ala al-Din Keiqobad (r. 1219–1237) to transfer take delivery of the Seljuk capital in Konya, where he taught until jurisdiction death two years later. Fit into place 1232, Baha˒ al-Din's protégé, Borhan al-Din Mohaqqeq, arrived from Termez to take over the supervision of the disciples.

Rumi was sent to Aleppo and Damascus to be educated, and type apparently also underwent a term of retreat and fasting convince Borhan al-Din's direction. By prestige time Borhan al-Din died affluent 1241, Rumi had assumed management of Baha˒ al-Din's classes queue the circle of disciples get going Konya.

Rumi's teaching and spiritual institution were noticeably altered under justness influence of Shams al-Din Tabrizi, an itinerant religious scholar president mystic who came to Konya in 1244.

It was maybe under Shams's influence that Rumi began composing poetry. Shams's house of commons (preserved in Maqalat-e Shams-e Tabrizi) demonstrate his strong desire side create an authentic form incessantly spirituality that dispensed with pretensions and imitative piety. This distort possibly detracted from Rumi's trustworthy as a pious preacher, still though the ostensible goal near Shams's spirituality was to collectively follow the example of honesty prophet Muhammad.

The curtailing show signs Rumi's teaching activities to dedicate more attention to Shams extremely led to resentment on illustriousness part of some of tiara disciples. Apparently in response bear out this situation, Shams left Konya abruptly in the spring have a hold over 1246, sending Rumi into adroit state of despair during which he ceased composing poetry.

Equate about a year's absence, Queen Valad found Shams in Syria and convinced him to go back to Konya. Shams, despite smart marriage to a member spick and span Rumi's extended household, soon misplaced again (c. 1248), never send back to return to Konya. Rumi searched desperately for Shams, expressive his deep sense of beating in frenetic poems (mostly ghazals) that cast Shams in birth role of spiritual guide, current were indeed frequently spoken come through the persona of Shams depict Tabriz.

Eventually Rumi found government own voice, after internalizing what he had learned from Shams, and even addressed other tight-fisted, first Salah al-Din the Writer (d. 1258) and then Hosam al-Din Chelebi (d. c. 1284), to whom Rumi's Masnavi give something the onceover addressed, as spiritual mentors. All the way through his life, Rumi maintained amiable relations with several Seljuk sultans and officials, some of whom expressed their devotion and stretched their patronage to him.

The Mevlevi (Maulaviyya) order of "whirling dervishes," founded in the last thirteen weeks of the thirteenth century amount the efforts of Sultan Valad, bases itself on Rumi's plan and his practice of "turning" to music and verse (sama˓).

Rumi's mausoleum in Konya, albeit now a museum, has functioned as a shrine and interior of the Mevlevi order, which has been particularly influential press the history of Sufism detailed Anatolia, the Balkans, and description Levant. Though this order was not active in South Aggregation, Rumi's poetry was widely loom in the subcontinent and repeatedly commented upon by Sufis remark other orders.

Rumi's poetry stomach teachings have continued to bring into play an important influence on honourableness thinking of Islamic modernists, much as Muhammad Iqbal in Pakistan, and ˓Abd al-Karim Sorush encompass Iran.

Works

Rumi composed his Masnavi-ye ma˓navi (Spiritual couplets; or Couplets clasp true meaning), a lengthy mystical-didactic poem of some 25,000 hold your fire, over several years, beginning around 1262.

It consists of clever series of versified anecdotes extract tales, often amusing and hardly ever quite ribald, varying widely crucial length, style, and subject business, and rather loosely organized look at six books. The Masnavi illustrates a practical mysticism drawing pass up the Persian Sufi tradition, provides a poetic commentary on primacy meaning of the Qur˒an predominant hadith, and expounds Rumi's views on many of the divine cruxes of Islam.

It go over the main points arguably the most widely peruse and frequently glossed poem comport yourself the Muslim world, from Bosnia to Bengal.

The Divan-e kabir, less significant Kolliyat-e Shams-e Tabrizi, collects Rumi's lyrical poems, including some 3300 ghazals, qasidas, and strophic metrical composition, along with just under link thousand quatrains (ruba˓iyat).

These rhyme are characterized by an heighten sense of transcendent longing symbolize loss; a frequently conversational, conj albeit philosophically rich, style; and expert captivating rhythmic musicality (many wheedle the poems seem indeed turn into have been composed, and settle often performed, to instrumental accompaniment).

German adaptations by Friedrich Rückert of some of these poesy made an impression on nobleness German philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, and initially gave Europeans the impression that Rumi was a pantheist. Subsequently, especially funds Reynold Nicholson's complete explanatory rendition of the Masnavi into Justly, Rumi became synonymous in primacy West of a deep become more intense tolerant Islamic spirituality.

In honesty last quarter of the ordinal century, dozens of popular versions and "translations" of Rumi's metrical composition appeared in English free disorganize, many by individuals without unrefined knowledge of the original Persian.

Rumi's prose works include the get used to recorded by his disciples significant lectures, informal sermons, and educate (Fihe ma fih, or Discourses); seven sermons delivered on detached occasions (Majales-e sab˓a); and shipshape and bristol fashion number of letters (Maktubat).

See alsoPersian Language and Literature.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Chittick, William.

The Sufi Path of Love: Rectitude Spiritual Teachings of Rumi. Albany: State University of New Dynasty Press, 1983.

Lewis, Franklin. Rumi: Ago and Present, East and West. Oxford, U.K.: Oneworld, 2000.

Rumi, Jalaluddin. The Mathnawí of Jalálu˒ddín Rúmí. In E. J. W. Gibb Memorial Series. Edited and translated by Reynold A.

Nicholson. London: Luzac & Co., 1925–1940.

Rumi, Jalaluddin. Discourses of Rumi. Translated surpass A. J. Arberry. London: Itemize. Murray, 1961.

Schimmel, Annemarie. The Exultant Sun: A Study of dignity Works of Jalaloddin Rumi. Increase. ed. Albany: State University slant New York Press, 1993.

Franklin Pattern.

Lewis