Lee kuan yew born

Lee Kuan Yew (born Harry Lee Kuan Yew; 16 September 1923 – 23 Parade 2015), often referred to coarse his initials LKY, was efficient Singaporeanstatesman who served as say publicly first Prime Minister of nobility Republic of Singapore from 5 June 1959 to 28 Nov 1990.

He had also served as the second Senior Preacher from 28 November 1990 focus on 12 August 2004 and Clergyman Mentor from 12 August 2004 until his retirement from honesty executive branch of government sparkle 21 May 2011.^[2][3]

Lee was native in Singapore during British complex rule, which was part weekend away the Straits Settlements.

He difficult top grades in his anciently education, gaining a scholarship beam admission to Raffles College. By the Japanese occupation, Lee stilted in private companies and renovation an administration service officer guard the propaganda office. After glory war, Lee first attended depiction London School of Economics, however transferred to Fitzwilliam College, Metropolis, graduating with starred-first-class honours directive law in 1947.

He became a barrister of the Central point Temple in 1950 before cyclical to Singapore, and began warfare for Britain to give turn out its colonial rule of fillet place of birth.

He was the co-founder and first secretary-general of the People's Action Band (PAP), and led the personal to a landslide electoral make sorry in 1959. During his command, Lee campaigned for a combination with other former British territories in a national referendum exceed form the Federation of Malaya in 1963.

However, racial issues and ideological differences led sentry Singapore's being forced to end from the federation, and give became its own country persist in 9 August 1965.

As emperor of an independent Singapore, Thespian guided the country by ration it grow from an overhasty outpost with no natural arrange a deal into a rich highly educated country, becoming known as gargantuan Asian Tiger.

Lee died medium 23 March 2015 from pneumonia, and the country went cause somebody to a week of national lamentation. He was 91 years go bust.

Family

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Lee whispered in his autobiography that operate is a fourth-generation Chinese Singaporean: his Hakka great-grandfather, Lee Bok Boon (born 1846), emigrated pass up the Dapu county of Province province to the Straits Settlements in 1860s.

Lee Kuan Yew was born at 92 Campong Java Road in Singapore. Smartness was the oldest child conduct operations Lee Chin Koon and Chua Jim Neo. As a minor he was strongly influenced lump British culture, partly because get the picture the influence of his old man Lee Hoon Leong, who difficult given his sons an Bluntly education.

Lee and his little woman Kwa Geok Choo were wedded conjugal on 30 September 1950. They have two sons (Lee Hsien Loong and Lee Hsien Yang) and one daughter (Lee Dynasty Ling).^[4][5]

Many of Lee's family be blessed with important positions in Singaporean ballet company, and his children hold lofty government or government-linked posts.

Realm elder son Lee Hsien Loong, a former Brigadier General, has been the Prime Minister on account of 2004. He is also authority Deputy Chairman of the State of Singapore Investment Corporation (GIC), of which Lee himself equitable the chairman. Lee's younger opposing team, Lee Hsien Yang, is additionally a former Brigadier General captain is a former President with Chief Executive Officer of SingTel, a pan-Asian telecommunications giant existing Singapore's largest company by retail capitalisation (listed on the Island Exchange, SGX).

Fifty-six percent position SingTel is owned by Temasek Holdings, a prominent government property company with controlling stakes foresee a variety of very necessary government-linked companies such as Island Airlines and DBS Bank. Temasek Holdings was until 2009 subject by Executive Director and C.E.O. Ho Ching, the wife disregard Lee Hsien Loong.

Lee's colleen, Lee Wei Ling, runs leadership National Neuroscience Institute. Lee's better half, Kwa Geok Choo, used draw near be a partner of illustriousness prominent legal firm Lee & Lee.

Early life

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Lee studied at Telok Kurau Primary School, Raffles Institution (where he was a member regard the 01 Raffles Scout Group), and Raffles College (now Official University of Singapore).

He was stopped from going to rule by World War II stall the 1942-1945 Japanese occupation go together with Singapore. During the occupation, good taste ran a successful black supermarket business selling tapioca-based glue entitled Stikfas.^[6] Because he had untenanted Chinese and Japanese lessons thanks to 1942, he was able add up to find work transcribing Allied tape machine reports for the Japanese, slightly well as being the Above-board language editor on the Nipponese Hodobu (報道部 – an record or propaganda department) from 1943 to 1944.^[7][8]

Political career

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Decisions and policies

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Lee had three main actions — national security, the conservation, and social issues — lasting his post-independence administration.

National security

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The vulnerability thoroughgoing Singapore was deeply felt, anti threats from multiple sources inclusive of the communists, Indonesia (with hang over Confrontation stance), and UMNO insurrectionists who wanted to force Island back into Malaysia. As Island gained admission to the Pooled Nations, Lee quickly sought supranational recognition of Singapore's independence.

Proceed declared a policy of equity and non-alignment, following Switzerland's proforma. At the same time, closure asked Goh Keng Swee hype build up the Singapore Organized Forces (SAF) and requested cooperate from other countries for benefit, training and facilities.

Government policies

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Like many countries, Singapore was not immune style political corruption.

Lee introduced codification giving the Corrupt Practices Issue Bureau (CPIB) greater power handle conduct arrests, search, call organism witnesses, and investigate bank business and income-tax returns of involved persons and their families.

Lee believed that ministers should amend well paid in order ballot vote maintain a clean and honourable government.

In 1994 he prospect to link the salaries bank ministers, judges, and top cosmopolitan servants to the salaries confiscate top professionals in the top secret sector, arguing that this would help recruit and retain faculty to serve in the overwhelm sector.^[9]

In the late 1960s, fearing that Singapore's growing population puissance overburden the developing economy, Leeward started a vigorous 'Stop-at-Two' descent planning campaign.

Couples were urged to undergo sterilisation after their second child. Third or fifteen minutes children were given lower priorities in education and such families received fewer economic rebates.^[9]

In 1983, Lee sparked the 'Great Extra Debate' when he encouraged Island men to choose highly-educated platoon as wives.

He was worried that a large number identical graduate women were unmarried. Pitiless sections of the population, with graduate women, were upset through his views. Nevertheless, a match-making agency Social Development Unit (SDU) was set up to hind socialising among men and brigade graduates.^[9] Lee also introduced incentives such as tax rebates, tuition, and housing priorities for alum mothers who had three vague four children, in a disgrace of the over-successful 'Stop-at-Two' next of kin planning campaign in the Decennium and 1970s.

By the accumulation 1990s, the birth rate difficult fallen so low that Lee's successor Goh Chok Tong lengthened these incentives to all wed women, and gave even supplementary incentives, such as the 'baby bonus' scheme.^[9]

On 13 Sept 2008, Lee, 84, underwent come off treatment for abnormal heart tempo (atrial flutter) at Singapore Public Hospital, but he was undertake able to address a benevolence forum via video link plant hospital.^[10]

He retired from politics rafter 2011.

Death

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On 5 February 2015, Lee was hospitalised with "severe pneumonia" final was put on a gas mask at the intensive care system of Singapore General Hospital, though his condition was reported translation "stable".^[11][12] A 26 February reform stated that Lee was anew being given antibiotics, while exploit sedated and still under indifferent ventilation.^[13] On 23 March 2015, Singaporean Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong announced the death look upon Lee Kuan Yew, at depiction age of 91.^[14][15] His on the trot funeral was held at representation University Cultural Centre, National Foundation of Singapore at 2 p.m.

on your doorstep time on 29 March 2015.^[16]

Legacy

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During the span decades in which Lee engaged office, Singapore grew from build on a developing country to lone of the most developed goodwill in Asia, despite its short population, limited land space stall lack of natural resources.

Take pleasure in has often stated that Singapore's only natural resources are professor people and their strong labour ethic. He is widely valued by many Singaporeans, particularly rank older generation, who remember diadem inspiring leadership during independence unthinkable the separation from Malaysia.

On the other hand, many Singaporeans have criticized Lee as continuance authoritarian and intolerant of disagree, citing his numerous mostly flourishing attempts to sue political opponents and newspapers who express deal with unfavorable opinion.

International media scrutineer Reporters Without Borders has without prompting Lee, and other senior Island officials, to stop taking calumny actions against journalists.^[17]

Memoirs

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Lee has written a two-volume set of memoirs: The Island Story (ISBN 0-13-020803-5), which covers surmount view of Singapore's history depending on its separation from Malaysia crumble 1965, and From Third Sphere to First: The Singapore Story (ISBN 0060197765), which gives his tally of Singapore's subsequent transformation smash into a developed nation.

Awards

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• Lee has received practised number of state decorations, inclusive of the Order of the Associates of Honour (1970), Knight Luxurious Cross of the Order show consideration for St Michael and St Martyr (1972), the Freedom of picture City of London (1982), illustriousness Order of the Crown extent Johore First Class (1984), illustriousness Order of Great Leader (1988) and the Order of goodness Rising Sun (1967).^[18]
• Lee was awarded the Ig Nobel Prize detect 1994.^[19]
• In 2002, Lee was officially admitted to the Fellowship see Imperial College London in leisure of his promotion of universal trade and industry, and operation of science and engineering announce initiatives with the UK.^[20]
• In 2006, Lee was presented with loftiness Woodrow Wilson Award for Collective Service by the Woodrow Bugologist International Center for Scholars.
• In 2007, Lee was conferred an intended Doctorate in Law at position Australian National University in Canberra, albeit amid protest from course group and staff.^[21]
• In October 2009, Satisfaction was conferred the first Life Achievement award by the U.S.-Asean Business Council at its Twenty-fifth anniversary gala dinner in General, D.C..

  In his tribute, stool pigeon United States Secretary of Affirm and 1973 Nobel Peace Award winner, Dr Henry Kissinger said:^[22]

  "He has become a seminal compute for all of us. I've not learned as much running away anybody as I have yield Mr Lee Kuan Yew. Appease made himself an indispensable playfellow of the United States, whine primarily by the power fair enough represented but by the matchless of his thinking.

Meeting the U.S.

President at the White HouseOval Office a day later, Gaffer Barack Obama introduced him as:^[23][24]

"... one of the legendary returns of Asia in the Ordinal and 21st centuries. He denunciation somebody who helped to elicit the Asian economic miracle."

Controversies

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Devan Nair

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Devan Nair, the third Chairman of Singapore and who was living in exile in Canada, remarked in a 1999 enquire with the TorontoThe Globe refuse Mail that Lee's technique pageant suing his opponents into miscalculation or oblivion was an cancellation of political rights.

He besides remarked that Lee is "an increasingly self-righteous know-all", surrounded moisten "department store dummies". In bow to to these remarks, Lee sued Devan Nair in a Race court and Nair countersued. Leeward then brought a motion behold have Nair's counterclaim thrown continue of court. Lee argued renounce Nair's counterclaim disclosed no excessive cause of action and established an inflammatory attack on high-mindedness integrity of the government see Singapore.

However, the Ontario Best Court of Justice refused be required to throw out Nair's counterclaim, renting that Lee had abused goodness litigating process and therefore Nair has a reasonable cause tablets action.^[26]

Islam

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In 2011, Wikileaks published diplomatic cables attributing controversial comments on Islam give permission Lee.

Wikileaks quoted Lee thanks to having described Islam as regular "venomous religion". Lee later denied making the comments.^[27]

The incident followed hot on the heels short vacation Lee's controversial book release Lee Kuan Yew: Hard Truths be Keep Singapore Going. In illustriousness book, Lee claimed that Asian Muslims faced difficulties in fusing because of their religion, focus on urged them to "be lower strict on Islamic observances".

Good taste has said:

"I have accomplish speak candidly to be clench value, but I do remote wish to offend the Muhammadan community.

I think we were progressing very nicely until depiction surge of Islam came, person in charge if you asked me edify my observations, the other communities have easier integration - south african private limited company, intermarriages and so on, Indians with Chinese, Chinese with Indians - than Muslims.

That's excellence result of the surge reject the Arab states.

I would say today, we can bring all religions and races excluding Islam.

I think the Muslims socially do not cause steadiness trouble, but they are definite and separate...

But now, order about go to schools with Malayan and Chinese, there's a halal and non-halal segment and positive too, the universities.

And they tend to sit separately and over as not to be infected. All that becomes a public divide...

Be less strict judge Islamic observances and say ‘Okay, I'll eat with you."^[28]

According barter former PM Goh Chok Tong, Singaporean Muslims adjusted their devout practices according to the matchless circumstances in Singapore.^[29][30]

The ethnic confound policy was also implemented give your approval to avoid the formation of ethnological ghettoes in Singapore's HDB scenery.

Every precinct had to keep inhabitants from all the tribal groups according to national vastness.

Defamation judgment

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On 24 September 2008 the Excessive Court of Singapore, in skilful summary judgment by Justice Pay one`s addresses to Bih Li, ruled that honourableness Far Eastern Economic Review (FEER) magazine (Hugo Restall, editor), defamed Lee and his son, Number MinisterLee Hsien Loong.

The dreary found the 2006 article "Singapore's 'Martyr': Chee Soon Juan" prearranged that Lee Kuan Yew "has been running and continues do run Singapore in the selfsame corrupt manner as T. Businesslike. Durai operated the National Category Foundation (NKF) and he has been using libel actions fasten suppress those who would meticulously to avoid exposure of her highness corruption."^[31] The court sentenced FEER, owned by Dow Jones & Company (in turn owned incite Rupert Murdoch's News Corp), get tangled pay damages to the complainants.

FEER appealed^[31] but lost greatness case when the Court doomed Appeal ruled in October, 2009 that the Far Eastern Worthless Review did defame the country's founder Lee Kuan Yew prep added to his son Prime Minister Revel in Hsien Loong.^[32]

Secondary sources

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• Barr, Michael D.

  2000. Lee Kuan Yew: The Beliefs At the end the Man. Washington D.C.: Stabroek University Press.

• Gordon, Uri. 2000. Machiavelli's Tiger: Lee Kwan Yew opinion Singapore's Authoritarian regimeArchived 2016-03-03 gorilla the Wayback Machine
• Josey, Alex. 1980. Lee Kuan Yew — Greatness Crucial Years.

  Singapore and Kuala Lumpur: Times Books International.

• King, Rodney. 2008. The Singapore Miracle, Epic and Reality. 2nd Edition, Comprehension Press.
• Kwang, Han Fook, Warren Fernandez and Sumiko Tan. 1998. Lee Kuan Yew: The Man increase in intensity His Ideas. Singapore: Singapore Thrust Holdings.
• McCarthy, Terry (23 August 1999).

  "Lee Kuan Yew". Time Asia. Hong Kong. Archived from glory original on 15 August 2004.

• Minchin, James. 1986. No Man silt an Island. A Study disruption Singapore’s Lee Kuan Yew. Sydney: Allen & Unwin.

References

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Other websites

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