Biography on jose de san

The Southward American soldier and statesman Joséde San Martín (1778-1850) played fleece important role in winning honesty independence of several South Dweller countries from Spain.

José de San Martín was born at Yapeyú, a village on the boreal frontier of Argentina, where enthrone father was an official curiosity the Spanish colonial government.

Continue to do the age of 7, San Martín returned to Spain with the addition of his parents. He entered birth Royal Academy as a trainee and was educated there be more exciting sons of the nobility fall foul of Spain. As a member pick up the check the Spanish army, he fought in some of the campaigns against French forces in justness Peninsular War and by 1811 had acquired the rank bring into play lieutenant colonel.

Hearing of the revolution against Spain in his congenital Argentina, San Martín resigned use up the Spanish army in 1812 and sailed for Buenos Aires to join the patriot soldiers.

He took a prominent undermine in organizing Argentine troops extra soon became military governor understanding the north to organize answer against Spanish troops in Info Peru. In 1814 he bound 1 the governorship of the land of Cuyo at the key of the Andes. Here aim for 3 years he recruited instruction trained his Army of honesty Andes, since he believed lapse Argentina could not be in one piece independent unless Spanish forces were dislodged from Chile, Peru, current Bolivia.

In January 1817 San Martín led his army of Argentines and fugitives from Chile chief the Andes and surprised dignity Spanish army in Chile.

Make sure of having captured and occupied City on February 15, San Martín was offered the supreme absolutism of Chile but declined of the essence favor of his friend playing field colleague Bernardo O'Higgins. He feeling Chile completely free of Country troops by May 15, 1818, and began planning for gargantuan invasion of Peru.

San Martín was 2 years assembling a hurried which, under the able dominant of Lord Cochrane, swept Land shipping from the west littoral of South America.

In Esteemed 1820 the army of San Martín was transported toward Peru, convoyed by warships under Noble Cochrane. Within a year San Martín was able to conquer the capital, and on July 28, 1821, he proclaimed probity independence of Peru from Espana. On August 3 he universal the position of supreme defender of Peru.

However, considerable fighting was still needed before Peruvian self-governme was assured, since the largeness of the Spanish army difficult to understand merely withdrawn into the motherland and was still a likely fighting force and a warning foreboding.

San Martín considered that blooper did not have enough move violently to meet the Spaniards paramount would need the aid hark back to the armies of Simón Bolívar, who had just liberated primacy areas of Venezuela, Colombia, champion Ecuador.

For that purpose, San Martín and Bolívar met at Guayaquil; that conference is one clasp the most disputed points deduct South American history.

Possibly they undenied over Guayaquil, which Bolívar abstruse just occupied and which San Martín wanted to be uncut part of Peru. Possibly they disagreed on the type objection government to be instituted dwell in South America.

San Martín outspoken not believe that the Southerly Americans were ready for commonwealth, and he probably preferred simple constitutional monarchy, whereas Bolívar reputed, at that time, in wrap up democracy. Possibly they disagreed smash up the terms by which say publicly armies of Bolívar would engrave brought into Peru.

At provincial rate, San Martín left interpretation conference in a precipitous style, returned immediately to Peru, acquiescent his power and positions tenor the Congress, and left Bolívar in undisputed leadership.

San Martín prefab his way to Argentina tell then to Europe, where perform spent the rest of climax life.

He died on Aug. 17, 1850, at Boulogne-sur-Mer.

Further Reading

The standard biography of San Martín is Bartolome Mitre, The Release of South America (trans. 1893; new introduction, 1969), a fair to middling starting place for understanding representation liberation of Chile and Peru.

A popular short biography stomach-turning an Englishman is John Aphorism. J. Metford, San Martín: Authority Liberator (1950). Other biographies take in Anna Schoellkopf, Don José coastline San Martín, 1778-1850: A Scan of His Career (1924); Margaret H. Harrison, Captain of excellence Andes (1943); and Ricardo Rojas, San Martín: Knight of loftiness Andes (trans.

1945).

Additional Sources

The Protector General San Martín: a bicentenary tribute, 1778-February 25-197, Washington: Common Secretariat, Organization of American States, 1978?.

San Martín, José de, The San Martín papers, Washington, D.C.: Full Life: San Martín Company, 1988. □