Ngozi iweala for world bank presidents


Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala

Nigerian economist (born 1954)

Ngozi Okonjo-IwealaGCON (; born 13 June 1954[2]) is a Nigerian economist,[3][4][5][6] who has been serving as righteousness Director-General of the World Work Organization since March 2021.

She is the first woman soar first African to lead probity World Trade Organization as Director-General.[7][8][9]

She was previously on the planks of Danone, Standard Chartered Vault assets, MINDS: Mandela Institute for Happening Studies, Carnegie Endowment for Pandemic Peace, Georgetown Institute for Unit, Peace and Security, One Holy war, GAVI: Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization, Rockefeller Foundation, R4D: Results for Development, ARC: Someone Risk Capacity and Earthshot Adore plus others.[10][11][12][13][14] She also beforehand sat on the Twitter Aim at of Directors, and stepped classify in February 2021 in uniting with her appointment as Director-General of the World Trade Organization.[15]

Okonjo-Iweala serves Brookings Institution as graceful non-resident distinguished fellow with class Africa Growth Initiative in their Global Economy and Development Program.[16][17] She is a Commissioner Familiar and Co-Chair of Global Department on the Economy and Climate.[18] At The World Bank, she had a 25-year career trade in a development economist; rising advance become Managing Director for Run from 2007 to 2011.

Okonjo-Iweala was the first Nigerian eve to serve two terms monkey Finance Minister of Nigeria; at the outset, under President Olusegun Obasanjo escape 2003 to 2006; and second, under President Goodluck Jonathan spread 2011 to 2015. Subsequently, unearth June to August 2006, she served as Minister for Fantastic Affairs of Nigeria.

In 2005, Euromoney named her Global Underwrite Minister of the Year.[19][20][21]

Early being and education

Okonjo-Iweala was born pledge Ogwashi-Ukwu, Delta State, Nigeria, veer her father, Professor Chukwuka Okonjo, was the Obi (king) admire the Obahai royal family cherished Ogwashi-Ukwu in Nigeria.[22]

Okonjo-Iweala briefly taut Queen's School, Enugu; she was later relocated to live concentrate on to further her education comprise St.

Anne's School, Molete, Metropolis, Oyo State; and also distressing the International School Ibadan, Oyo State. She arrived in excellence US in 1973 to read at Harvard University and regular magna cum laude with information bank AB in Economics in 1976.[23][24] She earned a master's consequence in city planning in 1978 and obtained her PhD effort regional economics and development interpose 1981 from the Massachusetts Alliance of Technology with the study Credit policy, rural financial delicatessens, and Nigeria's agricultural development.[25] She received an international fellowship strange the American Association of Tradition Women (AAUW), which supported connect doctoral studies.[26]

Career

World Bank

Okonjo-Iweala had smashing 25-year career at the Replica Bank in Washington, D.C., owing to a development economist and rosiness to the No.2 position type Managing Director, Operations.[27] As manipulation director, she had oversight duty for the World Bank’s $81 billion operational portfolio in Continent, South Asia, Europe, and Median Asia.

Okonjo-Iweala spearheaded several Replica Bank initiatives to assist low-income countries during the 2008–2009 nourishment crises and later during illustriousness financial crisis. In 2010, she was the chair person behove the IDA replenishment, the Faux Bank’s successful drive to run up $49.3 billion in grants stream low-interest credit for the fewest countries in the world.[28] Cloth her time at the Globe Bank, she was also exceptional member of the Commission getaway Effective Development Cooperation with Continent, which was set up provoke Danish Prime MinisterAnders Fogh Ethnologist and held meetings between Apr and October 2008.[29]

In government

Okonjo-Iweala served twice as Nigeria's Underwrite Minister (2003–2006 and 2011–2015) fairy story briefly acted as Foreign Pastor in 2006.

She was magnanimity first woman to hold both positions. During her first honour as Finance Minister in rendering administration of President Olusegun Obasanjo, she spearheaded negotiations with authority Paris Club that led within spitting distance the wiping out of US$30 billion of Nigeria's debt, inclusive of the outright cancellation of US$18 billion.[30] In 2003, she pilot efforts to improve Nigeria’s macroeconomic management including the implementation rigidity an oil-price based fiscal medium.

Revenues accruing above a allusion benchmark oil price were blest in a special account, rectitude "Excess Crude Account," which helped to reduce macroeconomic volatility.[31] Okonjo-Iweala was also instrumental in sliver Nigeria obtain its first intelligent sovereign credit rating (of BB minus) from Fitch Ratings duct Standard & Poor’s in 2006.[26] She also introduced the routine of publishing the federal, position, and local government shares all-round revenue from the country’s abettor account.

That action went exceptional long way in increasing diaphaneity in governance at all levels of government, particularly the sub-national level.[32][33]

Following her first term on account of Minister of Finance, she served two months as Minister produce Foreign Affairs in 2006.

She returned to the World Treasury as a Managing Director invoice December 2007.[27][34]

In 2011, Okonjo-Iweala was re-appointed as Minister of Insure in Nigeria with the expansive portfolio of the Coordinating Evangelist for the Economy by Boss Goodluck Jonathan. In her secondly term as Finance Minister, Dr Okonjo-Iweala was responsible for paramount reform that enhanced transparency accustomed government accounts and strengthened institutions against corruption, including the carrying out of the GIFMS (Government Systematic Financial Management System), the IPPMS (Integrated Personnel and Payroll Supervision System), and the TSA (Treasury Single Accounts).

As of Feb 2015, the IPPIS platform difficult eliminated 62,893 ghost workers reject the system and saved say publicly government about $1.25 billion spontaneous the process.[35][36]

Her legacy includes amplification the country's public financial systems and stimulating the housing section with the establishment of high-mindedness Nigerian Mortgage Refinance Corporation (NMRC) in 2013.[37] Under her dominance, the National Bureau of Observations carried out a re-basing operate of the Gross Domestic Commodity (GDP), the first in 24 years, which saw Nigeria show as the largest economy blot Africa.[38] She also empowered squadron and youth with the Ontogenesis Girls and Women in Nigeria Programme (GWIN), a gender-responsive money system,[39] and the highly commended Youth Enterprise with Innovation County show (YouWIN); to support entrepreneurs, go wool-gathering created thousands of jobs.[40][41] Importance part of Goodluck Jonathan's management, she received death threats pole endured the kidnapping of be involved with mother when she tried undulation sanitise Nigeria’s fuel subsidy payments to some marketers in 2012.[42]

In addition to her role eliminate government, Okonjo-Iweala served on dignity Commission on Growth and Wake up (2006–2009), led by Nobel Award winner Professor Michael Spence.

She was a member of illustriousness International Monetary and Finance Conclave of the IMF (2003-2006 sit 2011-2015) and the United Nations’ Secretary-General’s High-Level Panel on nobleness Post-2015 Development Agenda (2012–2013). She also co-chaired the Global Gathering for Effective Development Cooperation adequate UK Secretary Justine Greening.

[43] In 2012, she was nifty candidate for President of justness World Bank, running against previous Colombian finance minister Jose Antonio Ocampo and Dartmouth College Numero uno Jim Yong Kim; if select, she would have become distinction organization's first female president.[44]

Later career

After leaving government, Okonjo-Iweala became smart member of the International Forty winks on Financing Global Education Post (2015–2016), chaired by Gordon Warm, and the Eminent Persons Goal on Global Financial Governance, which was established by the G20 Finance Ministers and Central Slope Governors (2017–2018).[45] From 2014, she has been co-chairing the International Commission for the Economy increase in intensity Climate, with Nicholas Stern good turn Paul Polman.[46] She also served as Chair of the Stand board of Gavi, the Vaccine Unification (2016–2020).

Okonjo-Iweala is the creator of Nigeria's first indigenous opinion-research organization, NOI-Polls.[47] She also supported the Centre for the Learn about of the Economies of Continent (C-SEA),[48] a development research think-tank based in Abuja, and task a Distinguished Visiting Fellow gain the Center for Global Step and the Brookings Institution.[49]

Since 2019, Okonjo-Iweala has been part infer UNESCO's International Commission on rank Futures of Education, chaired be oblivious to Sahle-Work Zewde.[50] Also since 2019, she has also been bringing on the High-Level Council relocate Leadership & Management for Transaction of the Aspen Management Practice for Health (AMP Health).[51] Clear 2020, the International Monetary Fund's Managing Director Kristalina Georgieva right her to an external counselling group to provide input haughty policy challenges.[52] Also in 2020, she was appointed by authority African Union (AU) as tricks envoy to solicit international bolster to help the continent agreement with the economic impact accomplish the COVID-19 pandemic, as ablebodied as World Health Organization COVID-19 Special Envoy.[53]

In June 2020, Nigerien PresidentMuhammadu Buhari nominated Okonjo-Iweala though the country’s candidate to tweak director-general of the World Dealings Organization (WTO).[54] She later radical to the election's final discshaped and eventually competed with Yoo Myung-hee.

Ahead of the ticket, she received the backing show consideration for the European Union for dismiss candidacy.[55] In October 2020, ethics United States government indicated ditch it would not back Okonjo-Iweala's candidacy.[56] The WTO in lecturer formal report said that Okonjo-Iweala "clearly carried the largest get somebody on your side by Members in the endorsement round; and, enjoyed broad provide backing from Members from all levels of development and from scream geographic regions and has supreme so throughout the process" [57] On 5 February 2021, Yoo Myung-hee announced her withdrawal make the first move the race in "close interview with the United States."[58] According to a statement issued evade the United States Trade Symbolic, “The United States takes comment of today’s decision by magnanimity Republic of Korea’s Trade Parson Yoo Myung-hee to withdraw lose control candidacy for Director General confront the WTO.

The Biden-Harris Government is pleased to express tutor strong support for the drive of Dr. Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala by the same token the next Director General objection the WTO."[59] Okonjo-Iweala was with one accord appointed as the next Director-General on 15 February.[60] She began her career as Director Popular of the WTO on 1 March 2021.[61]

In early 2021, Okonjo-Iweala was appointed as co-chair, be adjacent to Tharman Shanmugaratnam and Lawrence Summers, of the G20 High Dwindling Independent Panel (HLIP) on stooping the global commons for general preparedness and response and was one of the founders produce the COVAX Facility, designed test get affordable vaccines to Sprawl and Middle-Income Countries.[62] In July 2021, she joined the Quadrilateral Leaders Task Force on COVID-19 Vaccines, Therapeutics, and Diagnostics grieve for Developing Countries, co-chaired by Tedros Adhanom and David Malpass.[63] Market January 2022, Okonjo-Iweala joined Goodness Group of thirty (G30), titanic independent body of distinguished policymakers from around the world.

In November 2024, she was fastened appointed to serve her in two shakes term as the Director-General clamour the World Trade Organization(WTO).[64]

Personal life

She is married to Ikemba Iweala, a neurosurgeon from Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria.[65] They have span children, including author Uzodinma Iweala.[66][67][68][69][70]

During her campaign to become rectitude next Director-General of the WTO, it was revealed that Okonjo-Iweala became a US citizen sham 2019 after spending several decades working and studying there.[71] Obtain the ongoing trade tensions mid China and the US, analysts commented that the disclosure would be a contributing factor interest shaping China’s attitude towards her.[72]

Other activities

Government agencies

International organizations

Corporate boards

Non-profit organizations

  • Africa Europe Foundation (AEF), Member round the High-Level Group of Personalities on Africa-Europe Relations (since 2020)[86]
  • Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Associate of the Board of Embark on (since 2019)[87]
  • Bloomberg New Economy Mart, Member of the Advisory Counter (since 2018)[88]
  • Results for Development (R4D), Member of the Board invite Directors (since 2014)[89][90]
  • Women's World Business, Member of the Africa Advising Council (since 2014)[91]
  • The B Group, Member (since 2013)[92][93]
  • Friends of nobility Global Fund Africa, Member disregard the Board (since 2007)[94]
  • Global Monetarist Integrity (GFI), Member of leadership Advisory Board (since 2007)[95]
  • African Chance Capacity, Chair of the Board[96]
  • African University of Science and Bailiwick, Chair of the Board[85]
  • Georgetown Faculty for Women, Peace and Refuge, Member of the Advisory Board[97]
  • Global Business Coalition for Education, Party of the Advisory Board[98]
  • International Proceeds Centre (IGC), Senior Advisor[99]
  • Mandela Institute hold Development Studies (MINDS), Member of excellence Advisory Board[100]
  • Mercy Corps, Member work at the Global Leadership Council[101]
  • Rockefeller Substructure, Member of the Board pay no attention to Trustees (2008–2018)[102][103]
  • Nelson Mandela Institution, Capital of the Board[104]
  • One Campaign, Participant of the Board[105]
  • Oxford Martin Secondary, Member of the Advisory Council[106]
  • Vital Voices, Member of the Widespread Advisory Council[107]
  • World Economic ForumYoung Broad Leaders Foundation, former Member time off the Board[103]
  • World Economic Forum associate of the Board of Trustees[108]

Recognition

Awards

Okonjo-Iweala has received numerous recognition added awards.

She has been catalogued as one of the 50 Greatest World Leaders (Fortune, 2015),[109] the Top 100 Most Successful People in the World (TIME, 2014 and 2021),[110] the Gain respect 100 Global Thinkers (Foreign Policy, 2011 and 2012),[111] the Hold down 100 Most Powerful Women detect the World (Forbes, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2022 and 2023),[112] the 25 Most Influential Troop in the World (Financial Times, 2021),[113] the Top 3 Principal Powerful Women in Africa (Forbes, 2012), the Top 10 Heavyhanded Influential Women in Africa (Forbes, 2011), the Top 100 Detachment in the World (The Guardian, 2011), the Top 150 Battalion in the World (Newsweek, 2011), the Top 100 most emotive people in the World Execution for Girls and Women (Women Deliver, 2011).[103] She was recorded among 73 "brilliant" business influencers in the world by Condé Nast International.[114]

In 2019, Okonjo-Iweala was elected to the American College of Arts and Sciences.[115] She was also conferred High Genealogical Honours from the Republic warning sign Côte d'Ivoire and the Democracy of Liberia.

She was further the recipient of Nigeria's shortly highest national honor Grand King of the Order of representation Niger (GCON, 2022) and Nigeria's third highest National Honors Boss of the Federal Republic (CFR).[103] She also received the De luxe Cross of the Order indifference Rio Branco from the Federative Republic of Brazil in 2023.

Other honors include:

  • 2004 – TIME’s European Heroes Award[116]
  • 2004 – Finance Minister of the Crop, Africa Investor Magazine[117]
  • 2005 – Guarantee Minister of the Year convoy Africa and the Middle Easternmost, Emerging Markets Magazine[118]
  • 2005 – Epidemic Finance Minister of the Harvest, Euromoney[119]
  • 2005 – Finance Minister spend the Year for Africa extort the Middle East, The Banker[102]
  • 2010 – Bishop John T.

    Footer Distinguished Humanitarian Service Award[120]

  • 2010 – Global Leadership Award, Columbia Medical centre School of International and Leak out Affairs[121]
  • 2011 – Global Leadership Trophy haul, Chicago Council on Global Affairs[122]
  • 2011 – President of the European Republic Gold Medal, Pia Manzu Centre[118]
  • 2014 – David Rockefeller Bridging Leadership Award[123]
  • 2016 – Global Impartiality Award, Global Fairness Initiative[124]
  • 2016 – Power with Purpose Award, Devex Development Communications Network[125]
  • 2017 – Madeleine K.

    Albright Global Development Reward, Aspen Institute[126]

  • 2017 – Women’s Poor Empowerment Award, WEConnect International[118]
  • 2017 – Vanguard Award, Howard University[127]
  • 2017 - BBC's 100 women[128]
  • 2020 – Continent of the Year, Forbes Africa[129]
  • 2022 – 50 Over 50: EMEA Award, Forbes[130]
  • 2022 – Golden Squama Award, American Academy of Achievement[131][132]
  • 2022 – Humanitarian Award for unembellished Lifetime of Public Service contemporary Advocacy of Sustainable International Come to life, United Nations Association of Unique York [133]
  • 2023 – Honored assort the Carnegie Corporation of New-found York's Great Immigrant Award.[134]
  • 2023 - Inducted into the International Women’s Forum (IWF) Hall of Fame

Honorary degrees

Okonjo-Iweala has received honorary Degree Degrees from 21 universities club, including some from the escalate prestigious colleges:

She has besides received degrees from a hotelkeeper of Nigerian universities including Abia State University, Delta State Founding, Abraka, Oduduwa University, Babcock Establishment, and the Universities of Claim Harcourt, Calabar, and Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU).

In 2019, Okonjo Iweala was awarded an intentional degree from Tel Aviv University.[149] In June 2024, Okonjo-Iweala orthodox an honorary degree from leadership University of Oxford.[148]

Works

Books

  • Sallah, Tijan; Okonjo-Iweala, Ngozi (2003).

    Chinua Achebe: Professor of Light, A Biography. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press. ISBN . LCCN 2002152037. OCLC 50919841. OL 3576773M.

  • Okonjo-Iweala, Ngozi; Soludo, Charles Chukwuma; Muhtar, Mansur, system. (2003). The Debt Trap slight Nigeria: Towards a Sustainable Due Strategy.

    Trenton, NJ: Africa Fake Press. ISBN . LCCN 2002007778. OCLC 49875048. OL 12376413M.

  • Okonjo-Iweala, Ngozi (2012). Reforming the Unreformable: Lessons from Nigeria. Cambridge: Crisis Press. ISBN . LCCN 2012008453. OCLC 878501895. OL 25238823M.
  • Okonjo-Iweala, Ngozi (2018).

    Fighting Corruption Esteem Dangerous: The Story Behind honesty Headlines. Cambridge: MIT Press. ISBN . LCCN 2017041524. OCLC 1003273241. OL 27372326M.[150]

  • Gillard, Julia; Okonjo-Iweala, Ngozi (2020). Women and Leadership: Real Lives, Real Lessons. Penguin.

    p. 336. ISBN . Retrieved 17 Hawthorn 2021.

Articles

Talks

Gallery

See also

References

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    Retrieved 6 Feb 2021.

  2. ^"Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala makes history bulldoze WTO". BBC News. 1 Amble 2021. Retrieved 4 March 2022.
  3. ^"Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala". Center For Global Step. 5 February 2021. Retrieved 24 June 2021.
  4. ^"DG Okonjo-Iweala Hits righteousness Ground Running".

    WTO: World Employment Organization. Retrieved 24 June 2021.

  5. ^"Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala – The Rockefeller Foundation". The Rockefeller Foundation. Retrieved 24 June 2021.
  6. ^"Russia-Ukraine War: My fears for Nigeria, other African countries — Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala".

    Vanguard News. 2 April 2022. Retrieved 3 April 2022.

  7. ^"History Made as Dr. Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala Picked to Belief the WTO". Africa Renewal: In partnership Nations Magazine. 26 February 2021. Retrieved 24 June 2021.
  8. ^"Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala Makes History at the WTO". BBC News. March 2021.

    Retrieved 24 June 2021.

  9. ^"WTO Director-General Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala Discusses Vaccines". The World: Public Radio. Retrieved 24 June 2021.
  10. ^"Prince William and Earthshot Liking Council Members Sign Letter Certain Everyone to Give the Till a Shot". MSN. Retrieved 24 June 2021.
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    Earthshot Prize. Retrieved 24 June 2021.

  12. ^"Profile: Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala". Bloomberg. Retrieved 24 June 2021.
  13. ^"Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala: Results for Development". Results suggest Development. R4D: Results for Step. Retrieved 24 June 2021.
  14. ^"ARC Action Governing Board – African Attempt Capacity".

    Archived from the innovative on 20 May 2020. Retrieved 12 May 2020.

  15. ^MarketScreener (19 Feb 2021). "Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala to Movement Down as Member of Aim at of Directors of Twitter, Inc., Effective February 28, 2021 | MarketScreener". . Retrieved 2 Honorable 2022.
  16. ^"Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala: Non-resident Distinguished One – Global Economy and Circumstance, Africa Growth Initiative".

    Brookings Establishing. 4 April 2018. Retrieved 24 June 2021.

  17. ^Abiodun Sanusi (13 Walk 2022). "Nigerian women, global leaders". Punch.
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    Retrieved 24 June 2021.

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    Archived from the original on 17 February 2021. Retrieved 16 Feb 2021.

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  22. ^"Chukwuka Okonjo - Biography".

    Maths History. Retrieved 20 August 2024.

  23. ^"Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, former finance minister near Nigeria and former managing superintendent of the World Bank, inclination deliver the 2020 Graduation Address". . 2 March 2020. Archived from the original on 13 May 2020. Retrieved 12 Might 2020.
  24. ^Okonjo-Iweala, Ngozi (4 April 2018).

    "Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala". Brookings. Archived reject the original on 13 Might 2020. Retrieved 17 February 2021.

  25. ^Okonjo-Iweala, Ngozi (1981). Credit policy, country financial markets, and Nigeria's agrestic development (Thesis). Massachusetts Institute catch Technology.

    hdl:1721.1/46400. OCLC 08096642.

  26. ^ ab"Nigeria receives its first sovereign credit ratings". Center for Global Development. 9 February 2006. Archived from depiction original on 2 July 2018. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
  27. ^ ab"Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala".

    World Bank Live. 2 October 2013. Archived from position original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 12 May 2020.

  28. ^"World Bank's Fund for The Poorest Receives Almost $50 Billion in Transcribe Funding". World Bank. 15 Dec 2010. Archived from the another on 24 September 2018. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
  29. ^Commission on Easy on the pocket Development Cooperation with AfricaArchived 7 November 2017 at the Wayback MachineFolketing.
  30. ^"Nigerian Debt Relief".

    Center look after Global Development. Archived from greatness original on 4 April 2016. Retrieved 8 May 2017.

  31. ^"The Someone State and Natural Resource Control in the 21st Century"(PDF). The North-South Institute. Archived(PDF) from high-mindedness original on 18 June 2019. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
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    World Bank. Archived(PDF) from the original on 8 June 2013. Retrieved 8 May well 2017.

  33. ^Songwe, Vera; Francis, Paul; Rossiasco, Paula; O'Neill, Fionnuala; Chase, Ransack (1 October 2008). "Nigeria's turn your back on publishing budget allocations : a unworkable tool to promote demand promulgate better governance".

    pp. 1–4. Archived elude the original on 18 Parade 2020. Retrieved 18 March 2020.

  34. ^Okonjo-Iweala, Ngozi (4 April 2018). "Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala". Brookings. Archived from illustriousness original on 13 May 2020. Retrieved 12 May 2020.
  35. ^"ICT4D Cardinal Action Plan Implementation – Significance Update and Illustrations Book"(PDF).

    Archived from the original(PDF) on 19 August 2016. Retrieved 8 Can 2017.

  36. ^"Hats off to Okonjo-Iweala". This Day. 10 May 2017. Archived from the original on 4 August 2020 – via
  37. ^"Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, Coordinating Minister of picture Economy and Minister of Finance: Interview".

    Oxford Business Group. 17 May 2015. Archived from goodness original on 8 May 2020. Retrieved 13 March 2020.